Relevance. The problems of innovative development and effective innovation management have long been a priority in the world economy and, most likely, their relevance will be in the mainstream for many years to come. The paper analyses the provision and performance of innovation processes in nine countries of Latin America and Russia in order to identify the most successful economies in terms of approaches and effects of innovation activity in different evaluation planes. The specifics of structural efficiency of innovation activity components in crisis and post-crisis periods have been studied.
Research methods — comparative analysis of the structure of the global innovation index (GII) in the target countries in 2020 and 2023, multiple regression analysis of the impact of resources and innovation results on the level of the global innovation index, t-statistics to compare the innovation dynamics of the target countries in the period from 2020 to 2023.
Scientific novelty — on the basis of statistical approach the specifics of innovative development of Latin American countries and Russia and regularities of achieving different levels of the global innovation index in the crisis and postcrisis periods are revealed.
The results of the study show that the leaders in terms of GII level among Latin American countries are Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Colombia and Argentina, and the most important for the formation of GII are the components of innovation results — the development of technology and knowledge economy, as well as the results of creative activity. Ecuador and Peru are the countries with the most detached innovation development trajectory. In the year of the covid crisis the components of institutions and market development were particularly developed, in the post-covid year — the level of business development, as well as human capital and research. Finally, the dynamics of GII in Russia is closest to Brazil in most components. The results obtained are of practical value as a reference point in the development and adoption of economic and political decisions on the reallocation and concentration of resources for the development of the most effective components of GII.

The relevance of this study is driven by the critical importance of developing high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries for the Russian economy. The article argues that scientific research and development in the space industry serve as both an indicator of Russia’s scientific and technological progress and a subject of international competition. The results of space activities are in demand by a wide range of consumers. Space technologies are used as a tool for solving governmental and municipal management tasks. Services based on Earth remote sensing data from space have become an indispensable source of timely and relevant information for ensuring the operation of various sectors of the national economy. The study highlights that achieving technological sovereignty and leadership requires a comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of high-tech products and services, considering the mutually beneficial cooperation between the state and private companies. The author presents international experiences in implementing open data policies in the space sector, analyzes Russia’s position in the global Earth remote sensing market, and discusses promising space industry projects. The implementation of these projects could serve as one of the first examples of applying the public-private partnership mechanism in Russia’s space sector.

The relevance of the study is driven by the rapid development of solar energy and the search for opportunities to increase its efficiency in order to ensure a more stable energy supply for the population and improve the quality of life.
The objective: to identify the key features of the global experience in using solar trackers for power generation.
Research methods: mathematical analysis, empirical data analysis, systematization, investment analysis.
Findings: this study examines various types of solar panels and their impact on the economic efficiency of solar energy projects. A review of relevant literature and scientific-practical studies confirms the versatility of solar trackers in different geographical and climatic zones. The study includes calculations of key investment attractiveness indicators for projects utilizing solar trackers and stationary systems, demonstrating the low efficiency of the latter. Key directions for the development of this technology have been identified, and recommendations for its improvement are provided.
Practical significance: the main conclusion of this study may be useful for justifying the feasibility of using trackers at solar power plants and for exploring ways to improve the efficiency of solar generation.

Since 2014, the society and economy of the Russian Federation have been developing in a context of dynamically tightening multifaceted sanctions and the attempts of states hostile to the Russian Federation to isolate Russia internationally. For longterm successful development in such an environment, as well as in any other external and internal conditions, it is essential not only to address current challenges, but also to develop a strategy and strive to achieve strategic goals. The integral parts of the strategy are the following: selecting an object, examining its current state, analyzing the environment (or external context) of the object, and setting strategic goals. In this article, we will be discussing four objects: exports of the Russian Federation, imports of the Russian Federation, leading industries, border regions of the Russian Federation. The strategic goals of the first two objects are their development, while the third object is protection from external threats. Describing these objects, the author tried to show the role of exports and imports of the Russian Federation in the production and use of products and services, to specify the industries whose development will contribute to the growth of other sectors of the economy, to assess the development of the border regions of the Russian Federation to the country’s economy development.

This article examines various aspects of the interaction between the financial sphere and the real sector of the Russian economy. The authors propose a classification of the functions of the monetary and financial system, describe key issues complicating the relationships between enterprises and financial institutions in modern Russia, and analyze several examples illustrating the ambiguous impact of macro-financial policies implemented by the Bank of Russia and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on economic development processes. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of numerical data obtained from surveys of Russian real-sector enterprises conducted from 1999 to 2024. The authors note that from 1999 to 2008, Russian macro-financial policy contributed to improving relations between the real sector and the financial sphere. However, this process was later stalled.

The aim of the study is to examine the prospects for economic relations between Russia and Iran in the context of the latter’s transition to free trade within the EAEU.
The relevance of the article stems from the growing importance of international trade in the context of globalisation and the need to develop effective strategies for trade. According to the author, due to geopolitical instability and economic sanctions, the study of factors affecting foreign trade is particularly important for sustainable economic growth and diversification of export markets.
Methods. The research uses descriptive statistics and econometric analysis including the gravity approach.
Results. The econometric models in the article allow to confirm a strong potential for rapidly growing trade between Russia and Iran as a result of such an agreement sealed. The author also draws conclusions on the importance of efforts to promote economic integration and shows the need for further measures to develop the system of bilateral free trade agreements.

The relevance of the topic is due to the strengthening of the Asian vector of Russian interaction. In the context of increasing cross-country interaction, when building ESG policy, it is important to determine the strategy and tactics of ESG-interaction, points of contact and factors for further growth, which will be the purpose of this work. The theoretical basis was the work of domestic and foreign authors. This study uses not only general methods of dialectical cognition, logical analysis and synthesis, but also methods of sociological research in the form of surveys and interviews. The expert opinion of experts, including one of the author, who has direct experience in trade cooperation with the People’s Republic of China, will allow the full coverage of the entire range of problems on the designated topic.
The results of the study showed a commonality in the strategy of socio-economic development and innovative growth of the two countries. Tactically, the features of the implementation of the ESG policy are highlighted, which are the basis for the further growth of ESG cooperation between Russia and China. Specific projects are presented, and prospects for cooperation are outlined.
The scientific novelty consists in finding the specificity and commonality of ESG interests of the two countries in the process of building ESG policy, which will be valuable for individual researchers and the scientific community. Assessing the prospects for further growth points, this will make it possible to take into account ESG tactics and adjust strategies for further interaction. This is certainly important for businesses and decision makers in the field of ESG and sustainable development. The indicated practical significance is not limited to these areas.

The impact of digital transformation of industrial enterprises on the labor prospects of people with disabilities is examined by this publication. Distance or hybrid employment and education are effective tools for providing this category of population with highly paid and prestigious jobs in industrial enterprises. Innovative digital technologies, products, resources, and services make it easier for enterprises to adapt workplaces to the unique needs of people with disabilities, which, in turn, contribute to successful economic inclusion. The authors explore microeconomic incentives for enterprises and their impact on corporate HR policy in the context of integrating such workers into the field of employment. Modern industrial enterprises cannot be fully competitive without considering the principles of business social responsibility and an inclusive corporate culture. Microeconomic methods are the main ones to evaluate the effectiveness of labor integration programs in the context of digital transformations. Such approach makes it possible to consider the interests of all stakeholders: employers, employees, and the state, as well as to analyze in detail the possibilities of increasing employment and reducing the unemployment rate of people with disabilities.

Despite the lack of a clear definition of the term «corporate group» in Russian legislation, experts consider it important to use it, as it has become a widespread phenomenon. Moreover, Moreover, corporate groups are currently reinforcing hierarchical structures once again. Having carefully studied the top 20 and top 10 global and domestic giants, the authors conclude that these entities remain stable and observe a slowdown in decentralization processes, even where horizontal and network structures were previously predicted. The largest corporations in the Russian Federation consist of complex, extensive networks of subsidiaries and affiliated entities, characterized by a high level of centralization despite significant business and legal entity diversification. Therefore, the authors argue that within the scope of this discussion, it is necessary to develop and implement advanced financial management models.

Globally, there are a number of successful practices and initiatives aimed at solving the problem of waste management and reducing its negative impact on the environment. The relevance of their application is due to the growing volume of waste accumulation, which is becoming a global environmental problem.
The aim of the article is to identify possible economic benefits based on the analysis of the possibilities of applying global practices in the field of waste management in Russia.
Research methods: economic and statistical analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, systematic approach.
The results of the study. The article presents results of potential implementation of the “waste-free city” concept. Possible economic benefits have been identified when incinerators are put into operation in some regions, electricity is generated by incineration of waste sent to landfills, and traditional fuel is saved in the production of “green energy” at these plants. The benefits of using the reverse logistics mechanism have been determined. The introduction of reverse logistics practices encourages the solution of waste reduction tasks, sustainable competitiveness, and economic benefits. The results of effective deposit repayment programs implemented in many countries are summarized.
Scientific novelty. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors substantiate the application of world practice in Russia.
Practical significance: the research results can be applied to develop project activities, development strategies, and to adapt global practices to Russian realities, taking into account economic and environmental consequences, while choosing the most appropriate mechanisms to support effective waste management practices.