The article discusses organisational and economical methods of implementing intellectual property into civil circulation. The introduction of intellectual property will be legal and can be used for commercial purposes in the future. The ultimate goal of commercialisation of intellectual property is to profi from scientifi, technical and innovative activities by organising the production of high-tech competitive products. It is necessary to have a qualifid team of managerscapable of developing and implementing the most optimal business strategy, within which a large number of tasks related to market research (marketing and patent research), the formation of a portfolio of intellectual property objects, the choice of economical ways of their maximum legal protection will be solved, as well as the choice and implementation of specifi ways of introducing the IPO into civil circulation, continuous monitoring on the market and, if necessary, the adoption of protective measures.

The Russian industry is entering digital transformation with some delay, and the implementation of accompanying large-scale changes contains a significant number of specific risks. Creating a promising business model and the technological outline of an industrial enterprise that implements it takes place under conditions of high uncertainty. The article proposes a general approach and elements of a practical risk model for planning and carrying out an industrial enterprise’s digital transformation to reduce the uncertainty of the process in its signifiant aspects. The proposed management solutions help reduce the likelihood of a negative impact of accompanying general and specifi risks, build a formalized model of risk management, and increase transparency in managing relevant practical projects. The article also discusses fiancial reserves usage as a tool for active risk management.

The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented in scale, speed, and depth, has imbalanced and destabilized national labour markets. This article highlights the work of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which since the start of the pandemic has made a signifiant contribution to analysing the situation in the crisis and developing practical recommendations for the restoration of labour markets. The author of the article examines the key challenges facing national governments in this challenging and responsible period, including those identifid by ILO Director-General Guy Ryder. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the consequences of introducing strict restrictive measures, primarily the closure of jobs. Data on lost working time in various regions and subregions of the world are provided. Based on international labour standards, ILO experts have formulated the main directions for combating the crisis caused by COVID-19, the implementation of which will contribute to faster recovery and stabilisation in national labour markets.

The state and the nation have their interests. They call them “the national interests”. Even though the study of national interests began many centuries ago, there is still no single methodology to determine national interests, let alone quantifying them. National interests largely determine the goals that society sets for itself. Thus, from the national interest “preservation and survival of society” arises the strategic goal of human society, the state, and the nation — to increase the population and ensure its security. The preservation of territorial integrity is one of the national interests, so each state has the goal to preserve its territorial integrity and maintain the territory of its habitat in a life-friendly condition. If a goal is set, there should be indicators of its achievement. For example, for the strategic goal “ensuring socio-economic well-being and growth of well-being” indicators are the volume and dynamics of income of members of the society, the unemployment rate, the coeffiients of differentiation of incomes of the population and some other indexes. The author of this paper has identifid seven strategic goals of a society that correspond to six universally recognized national interests. To quantify the measure of their achievement, the author selected 23 indicators. The author based his choice according to the state of Russian statistics. It turned out that this indicator had a downward trend in 2000–2018, and its flctuations were damped.

Studying the research results by Nobel prize-winning economists is a fundamentally important task for determining the most promising areas of development of Russian economic science. The author traces the connections between all these works and their predecessors’ work, many of whom were also awarded the Nobel prize in economics. Three lines of development of the predecessors’ achievements are identifid: information asymmetry, limited rationality, the design of market mechanism and new institutionalism. The article does not address the problems of auction theory related to its formal justifiation, which is part of mathematical economics and game theory. However, it is noted that this is an essential part of the laureates’ achievements. The article’s main conclusions are that the prize received for “improving the theory of auctions” fis into the broader economic research context. The winners solved the problems of maintaining free competition and reducing the market’s likelihood of monopolization. The author pays special attention to the results of the empirical analysis of actually implemented auctions. This analysis is divided into three parts, corresponding to the three stages of each auction: starting problems (distrust, the reputation of participants, etc.), the course of the auction (behaviour of participants and results, in particular, the “winner’s curse”.

The article reveals the possibilities of using the Russian system of input-output tables and intersectoral models for analytical and forecasting purposes and substantiate managerial decisions in the fild of economic policy. It is shown how the input-output method’s capabilities were implemented at three stages of the development of intersectoral research in Russia, taking into account the specifis of the problems being solved and the development of the statistical base. The primary attention authors paid to the current stage of developing the method and its use directions. A characteristic is given of the constraints objectively inherent in this method and the input-output tables’ information system (IOT). The authors’ position regarding their signifiance is expressed. A new direction in using data from the IOT system is considered — the analysis of the fial product’s cost as accumulated value-added, which implies a full use of the analytical potential of modern input-output tables. Proposals are given for improving the intersectoral toolkit based on taking into account the links between production, the need for investment and the state of the production and technical base.

This paper presents a study of the international car market; analysis of the development of automotive markets in Europe and Russia’s national car market; a review of the global car market; and international trading activity in the car market. Japan’s automotive industry is signifiantly developed with Toyota as one of the world’s leaders. Also, in addition to cars, Japanese companies are among the leaders in the production of motorcycles and engines for cars participating in sports races. Japanese legislation encourages the production and sale of cars with high environmental friendliness, hybrid and electric cars. This step allows companies to focus their production on a new class of cars, which helps Japanese companies outstrip European and American cars of the future. However, cars’ air pollution is relevant for Japan since the state subsidizes automakers and consumers, reducing taxes and supporting companies that switch to hybrid vehicles.

The material conditions for countries and peoples’ existence are now changing signifiantly and sharply and put forward new requirements for the quality of reproductive mechanisms. To a large extent, this process is related to the village, which seeks to increase agricultural productivity, but cannot yet become on a par with industrial potential. The gap between these two parts of a single economic organism is large and is especially noticeable in developing countries and, in particular, in Egypt. This country is extremely poor in agricultural resources; it has been trying for decades to overcome the threat of hunger, sometimes achieving moderate success in some areas. But on the whole, it can only follow events in a catch-up mode. Now Egypt is entering a new phase of the struggle for food sovereignty and an unclear fial result. However, the state’s current policy is focused on making food security solvable.

The article reveals the main problems related to the EU economy’s state and the prospects for its further development. This topic is extremely important for Russia since the European Union is its leading foreign trade partner. The article states that the EU is the largest integration grouping globally in terms of its economic potential. Simultaneously, the lack of significant reserves of natural resources and dependence on their external supplies does not allow the EU to realize its economic opportunities fully. At the same time, the export-oriented model of the economies of its leading member countries makes them sensitive to flctuations in the conjuncture of foreign markets, and the growing public debt contributes to the development of disintegration processes. Besides, the growth of migration flws, the increase in socio-economic tensions, especially during the coronavirus period, also do not allow the EU to solve the accumulated problems. Simultaneously, excessive dependence on the United States in geopolitical and geo-economic relations hinders the development of mutually benefiial economic ties with Russia and other countries. The article presents various opinions about the future of the EU and notes that many authoritative political fiures and experts consider that due to these reasons, it cannot be preserved as a whole.

The article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on digitalization and public-private partnerships (PPPs) in medicine. The epidemic of this disease has intensively affected Russia, and the viral economic crisis has highlighted the need for structural reforms in many sectors of the economy, including medicine. The Russian Federation’s budget regularly lacks funds to solve much pressing health care and science problems. In this regard, PPP is of particular interest, promoting better management and higher medical services quality. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to consider the forms of interaction of advanced medical institutions with entrepreneurship, scientific organizations, regional administrations, civil society and the possibility of increasing the potential of such cooperation. A methodological basis of our research was a synergistic approach to scientific knowledge, institutional, cluster, general scientific analysis of sources, which made it possible to establish key aspects of the interaction of agents, and the SWOT analysis method made it possible to show, with some examples, the impact of PPP not only on the development of medical institutions but also on efficiency activities of the company.

Choosing a university is not an easy matter, and, as a rule, it is a task of multi-criteria optimization, and one of the weighty criteria is career prospects. At present, the children of those who themselves were applicants during the USSR collapse started to choose a university. At that time, it was believed that only elite universities (Moscow State University, MGIMO, etc.) would serve as a social lift to the most prestigious organizations of business, government, and science. In part, this can explain the almost total desire of modern school graduates to have a higher education, although often it is the desire of their parents. Using the example of the higher education market in Russia, the author examines the tendencies of universities’ concentration, their stratifiation into three levels with different institutional conditions and the dominance of the upper levels (alpha universities) over the lower ones (beta and gamma universities). The article analyses Russian alpha universities’ features against the background of a similar global hierarchy and identifies development trends for universities after the explosive introduction of distance learning technologies.