The relevance of the topic is due, firstly, to the importance of sustainable development as a priority task of the world community, and secondly, the green economy is an important tool for achieving it. The purpose of this research article is to identify the opportunities and risks of developing a green economy within the framework of sustainable development. Methods: the study was carried out using up-to-date data and sources, as well as a theoretical analysis of the basic principles and methodological approaches to the green economy. Scientific novelty: Summarizing the modern conceptual developments of the paradigm of the green economy, the author’s definition of this scientific category is proposed, which contributes to a more accurate understanding of the concept of the green economy. The main features and principles of the green economy are given. The results of the study: The article substantiates the directions of development of modern forms of green economy, taking into account which priority instruments of green financing are identified. The author analyzes the total volume of green financing in the world and provides a rating of countries according to the GGEI index. The article systematizes the opportunities and risks of developing a green economy. Practical significance: results and conclusions of the article can be useful both for the scientific community and for decision-makers at the level of States and international organizations that strive for sustainable development and environmental protection.

The essence of the strategy of indirect approach (SIA), the definition and notion of which was introduced into the scientific discourse in the mid‑20th century by the English historian B.G. Liddell Hart, is that the main consideration in it was given not to the military force factors, as it had been previously in history, but to alternative options for subduing a hostile state. Nowadays, according to many American scientists and experts, SIA should be used primarily in the preparation of war, and therefore it has switched from the purely military sphere to other areas of state activity — economy, culture, ideology, etc. Nowadays, one of the types of the SIA of the United States is the so-called proxy war, in which military actions of the allied state are the final stage of gradual inclusion of another country into the zone of American influence through alternative methods.

The multidirectional, hybrid warfare war against the Russian Federation, launched in March 2014 and designed for many years, makes it necessary to strengthen the country’s power. Investments in the fixed capital of the main activities of society largely contribute to giving stability to the economic, financial, scientific, technological, military-technical potential of the state. The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this paper, was to find an answer to the following question. Are investments directed in Russia in those economic activities that contribute most to the development of the country’s economy, as well as in industries that are most dependent on the state of affairs in foreign trade? An analysis of the data presented in the Rosstat’s collections “Russian Statistical Yearbook” for 2015–2022 showed that after 2010, investments in fixed capital of the most dependent on foreign trade economic activities in the Russian Federation grew faster than other groups of activities. The growth rates of investments in fixed capital of those types of economic activities, the development of which contributes to the expansion of other types of activities, were higher than the all-Russian ones until 2017. The reason is that economic entities, having adapted to the anti-Russian sanctions, the main damage of which, according to the author, was inflicted on the domestic economy in 2015–2016, accelerated the growth of investments in other economic activities. The overall structure of investments in fixed capital of 47 types of economic activity in 2021 differs little from the structure of 2014.

The article considers the opportunities and limitations of the so-called “People’s capitalism model” (PCM). For this purpose, the authors systematize the historical practice of implementation of PCM in different countries and available empirical assessments of the effectiveness of such initiatives. In addition, the authors undertake a theoretical analysis of PCM features, for which the interests of the company and its employees are modeled. The analysis of the model allowed us to determine the conditions of effectiveness of the people’s capitalism model, based on Базовыйwhich we formulate proposals for the introduction of a new initiative for Russian strategic enterprises in order to ensure Russia’s technological sovereignty.

The paper presents the results of a study of the nature of dynamic processes in the world economy. The dynamics of the development of national economies leading in the ranking of countries by GDP (PPP) with a population of more than 50 million people is analyzed. The tendencies and features of economic growth in various countries, which contributed to the structural changes in national economies, are revealed. It is shown how the distribution of economic competencies in the global economy contributes to the formation of models for the adaptation of national economies to the world trade system. A model has been developed for classifying countries on a scale of the level of integration of national economies into the global one. It was revealed that the level of dependence of the national economy on the global one in the service sector is noticeably less than in the industrial sector of the economy.

In the current severe political and economic situation, Russia radically needs revising its development strategy, finding truly reliable and long-term partners. Among the most preferred counterparts for building long-term mutually beneficial relations are the Islamic states, which prefer to use a financial model complaint with their confessional principles. The Islamic financial model is relevant for Russia not only as a tool to attract Islamic investments, but also as a framework for building strong relations with most solid partners. Despite the fact that the Islamic financial model is criticized from the inside, and not devoid of certain shortcomings, the principles laid down in it will be able to ensure the even development of the economy and reduce social tensions through a fair redistribution of income. This article tells about the development of Islamic finance in the world and in Russia.

The experience of creating successful geographically distributed engineering teams and the COVID pandemic have made a significant contribution to the dynamics of changing the organizational and production paradigm in the IT industry from the traditional 40-hour office work to a “hybrid” work week and even to completely remote software and IT-services development. In this study, the scientific task of determining the nature of the process of paradigm shift is set and a set of scientific hypotheses is set to identify fully remote work as an established practice for a significant number of leading IT companies in Europe. To test these hypotheses, thematic industry studies of 2020–2023 were analyzed, which convincingly proved that the forced transition to completely remote development during lockdown periods and after reducing the impact of pandemic risks becomes a conscious choice: in demand, economically rational, supported by a significant number of engineers and managers in the industry. At the same time, a “hybrid” work week, combining part of the days in the office and part outside it, has also remained a popular option for organizing work in IT companies and organizations with large teams for internal automation.

The growth of restrictive measures against the Russian Federation in the context of the high import dependence of the national economy calls for special attention to be paid to the country’s achievement of technological sovereignty and the launching of a new sustainable investment cycle. This involves the task of dynamically increasing the creation of new medium- and high-technology industries, with a central role being given to the creation of a resource database of projects. Limited public budgets and the inaccessibility of external financial markets make it appropriate to consider domestic private and (or) resources as priority sources of financing debt, especially when the latter are not sufficiently involved in the investment process. In turn, it is unlikely to accumulate the funds of credit organizations and the business sector without the use of modern state support tools that would reduce the cost of capital for the implementation of investment projects and, thus, they redirected financial flows to the highest priority, albeit low-margin, of the real sector. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze new instruments of investment support of projects of ensuring technological sovereignty in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The subject of the present study is the relationship between sustainable and precarious employment and their scale in the Russian economy. The topic of the article is “Sustainable and precarious employment in the Russian Federation”. The aim of the study is to consider the characteristics of sustainable and precarious employment through the prism of the extended and traditional concepts of the labour force and to determine their scale in the whole of the Russian Federation and in individual sectors of employment on the basis of objective indicators of precarious employment substantiated and verified by the authors. The research methodology is based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis and synthesis of the characteristics of sustainable and precarious employment, including consideration of the extended and traditional concepts of the labour force, the classification of modern employment, as well as the verification of its indicators and their variable application. The scope of the research results is to develop consensus methodological approaches to the study of sustainable and precarious employment, as well as their regulation by government authorities. The authors concluded that precarious employment in the Russian Federation is widespread, which reduces the quality of employment and requires legislative and practical restrictions.