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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">worldneweconomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир новой экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The world of new economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-6469</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2220-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2220-6469-2026-20-2-54-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">worldneweconomy-647</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роботизация национальной экономики: экономические эффекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Robotisation of the National Economy: Economic Effects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-2229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балацкий</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balatsky</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Всеволодович Балацкий — доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Balatsky — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Chief Research Fellow</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evbalatsky@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-7146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екимова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekimova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Екимова — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Ekimova — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.ekimova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр сравнительных социально-экономических исследований ИМЭМО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балацкий Е.В., Екимова Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балацкий Е.В., Екимова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balatsky E.V., Ekimova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/647">https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/647</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях усиления глобальной технологической конкуренции и санкционного давления проблема роботизации национальной экономики приобретает для России критическое значение. Целью данной статьи является построение макроэкономической модели, позволяющей оценить влияние роботизации обрабатывающей промышленности на совокупную производительность труда (ПТ), а также получение количественных оценок необходимых инвестиционных ресурсов, их отдачи и последствий для рынка труда. В основе методологии лежит построение нелинейной регрессионной модели на панельных данных по 20 странам за период 2015–2023 гг. с использованием статистики Международной федерации робототехники (IFR), Всемирного банка и Международной организации труда (ILOSTAT). Научная новизна подхода заключается в использовании агрегированных межстрановых данных для косвенной оценки макроэкономических последствий роботизации, а также во введении концепции «технологической границы» (точки насыщения), превышение которой ведет к снижению отдачи от автоматизации производства. В результате исследования определено предельное значение плотности роботизации, рассчитаны резервы роста производительности для США, Китая и России. Показано, что, несмотря на скромный макроэкономический эффект (рост производительности в РФ оценивается в 53%), роботизация обладает сверхвысокой рентабельностью и позволяет России стратегически сократить данный разрыв в ПТ с США до 1,3 раза. Статья развенчивает миф о «технологическом оптимизме», не отеняя того факта, что массовая автоматизация является не только экономически оправданной, но и необходимой для смены технологического статуса страны с реципиента на донора инноваций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Against a backdrop of intensifying global technological competition and sanctions pressure, the issue of the robotisation of the national economy has become of critical importance for Russia. The objective of this article is to develop a macroeconomic model allowing for the assessment of the impact of robotisation in the manufacturing sector on aggregate labour productivity (LP), as well as to obtain quantitative estimates of the necessary investment resources, their returns, and the consequences for the labour market. The methodology is based on the construction of a nonlinear regression model using panel data for 20 countries over the period 2015–2023, drawing on statistics from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), the World Bank, and the International Labour Organisation (ILOSTAT). The scientific novelty of the approach stems in the use of aggregated, cross-country data to indirectly assess the macroeconomic consequences of robotisation, as well as in the introduction of the concept of a “technological frontier” (saturation point), beyond which the returns from production automation decline. As a result, the study determines the upper limit of robotisation density and calculates productivity growth potential for the US, China and Russia. It has been demonstrated that, despite its modest macroeconomic impact (productivity growth in the Russian Federation is estimated at 53%), robotisation offers exceptionally high returns and enables Russia to strategically narrow the productivity gap with the US to 1.3 times. The article debunks the myth of ‘technological optimism’, without downplaying the fact that mass automation is not only economically justified but also essential for the nation to shift its technological status from that of an innovation recipient to that of an innovation donor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роботизация</kwd><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>обрабатывающая промышленность</kwd><kwd>технологическая граница</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая модель</kwd><kwd>экономические эффекты</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>международная конкуренция</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robotisation</kwd><kwd>labour productivity</kwd><kwd>manufacturing industry</kwd><kwd>technological frontier</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic model</kwd><kwd>economic effects</kwd><kwd>labour market</kwd><kwd>international competition</kwd><kwd>investment</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jungmittag A., Pesole A. 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