<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">worldneweconomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир новой экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The world of new economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-6469</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2220-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2220-6469-2026-20-1-57-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">worldneweconomy-609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВАЯ АНАЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL ANALYTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние институциональной среды на развитие акционерного краудфандинга в России: опыт Великобритании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of the Institutional Environment on the Development of Equity Crowdfunding in Russia: The UK Experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9971-2265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балунов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balunov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петр Аркадьевич Балунов —аспирант Высшей школы менеджмента; коммерческий директор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr A. Balunov — Postgraduate Student, Graduate School of Management; Commercial Director</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">st071308@student.spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyna</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Борисовна Ильина — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры финансови учета Высшей школы менеджмента</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia B. Ilyna — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor of Department of Finance and Accounting of Higher School of Management </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jilina@gsom.spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет;  ООО «Иматон» Профессиональный психологический инструментарий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University; “Imaton” LLC Professional Psychological Instruments</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балунов П.А., Ильина Ю.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балунов П.А., Ильина Ю.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balunov P.A., Ilyna Y.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/609">https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/609</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена ростом популярности акционерного краудфандинга как альтернативного источника финансирования для малого и среднего бизнеса, а также необходимостью институциональной поддержки этого рынка в России. Цель данной статьи – выявление институциональных факторов, ограничивающих развитие акционерного краудфандинга в России, и определение успешных элементов зарубежной практики, применимых для совершенствования российского рынка. Методы: в исследовании используются актуальные результаты кросскультурных исследований, проведенных на основе модели национальных культур Г. Хофстеде, проводится анализ системы правового регулирования, контрактных практик и рыночной статистики. Научная новизна работы состоит в теоретическом осмыслении акционерного краудфандинга как институционального явления, формируемого на пересечении культурных норм, формальных правил и контрактных практик. Статья развивает подход О. Вильямсона, демонстрируя его применимость к анализу специфики финансовых рынков. Результаты исследования: проведен сравнительный анализ институциональной среды для акционерного краудфандинга в России и Великобритании; выявлены отличия в выраженности базовых ценностных ориентаций, законодательном регулировании, формах контрактов и конкретных рыночных практиках. Описаны механизмы взаимосвязи институциональной среды и уровня зрелости рынка, сформулированы приоритетные направления трансформации действующих институтов. Практическая значимость: результаты анализа могут быть использованы регуляторами, платформами и законодателями при разработке механизмов повышения доступности и развития акционерного краудфандинга в России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of this study is driven by the growing popularity of equity crowdfunding as an alternative source of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the need for institutional support for this market in Russia. The objective of this article is identifying institutional factors that constrain the development of equity crowdfunding in Russia, as well as determining successful elements of foreign practices potentially applicable for development of the domestic market. Methodology: the study implies current cross-cultural research based on G. Hofstede’s model of national cultures, analyses legal frameworks system, contractual practices, and market statistics. Scientific novelty lies in the theoretical conceptualisation of equity crowdfunding as an institutional phenomenon shaped by the interaction of cultural norms, formal rules, and contractual practices. The article develops O. Williamson’s approach, demonstrating its relevance for analysing specific features of financial markets. Research results: a comparative analysis is conducted of the institutional environment for equity crowdfunding in Russia and the United Kingdom. Key differences are identified in value orientations, regulatory regimes, contractual forms, and specific market practices. The article outlines the interrelated mechanisms of the institutional environment and the maturity level of the crowdfunding market and it shapes key directions for institutional transformation. Practical significance: the findings can be used by regulators, platform operators, and policymakers in designing mechanisms to improve accessibility and foster the development of equity crowdfunding in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акционерный краудфандинг</kwd><kwd>новая институциональная экономика</kwd><kwd>инклюзивность институтов</kwd><kwd>культурные измерения Хофштеде</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>экономика контрактов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>equity crowdfunding</kwd><kwd>new institutional economics</kwd><kwd>institutional inclusiveness</kwd><kwd>Hofstede’s cultural dimensions</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>economics of contracts</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahlers G.K., Cumming D., Günther C., Schweizer D. Signaling in equity crowdfunding. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015;39(4):955-980. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahlers G.K., Cumming D., Günther C., Schweizer D. Signaling in equity crowdfunding. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015;39(4):955-980. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shneor R., Vik A.A. Crowdfunding success: A systematic literature review 2010-2017. Baltic Journal of Management. 2020;15(2):149-182. DOI: 10.1108/BJM-04-2019-0148</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shneor R., Vik A.A. Crowdfunding success: A systematic literature review 2010-2017. Baltic Journal of Management. 2020;15(2):149-182. DOI: 10.1108/BJM-04-2019-0148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hornuf L., Schwienbacher A. Should securities regulation promote equity crowdfunding? Small Business Economics. 2017;49(3):579-593. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-017-9839-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hornuf L., Schwienbacher A. Should securities regulation promote equity crowdfunding? Small Business Economics. 2017;49(3):579-593. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-017-9839-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson O.E. The new institutional economics: Taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature. 2000;38(3):595-613. DOI: 10.1257/jel.38.3.595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson O.E. The new institutional economics: Taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature. 2000;38(3):595-613. DOI: 10.1257/jel.38.3.595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agrawal A., Catalini C., Goldfarb A.Are syndicates the killer app of equity crowdfunding? California Management Review. 2016;58(2):111-124. DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2016.58.2.111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agrawal A., Catalini C., Goldfarb A.Are syndicates the killer app of equity crowdfunding? California Management Review. 2016;58(2):111-124. DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2016.58.2.111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwienbacher A. Equity crowdfunding: Anything to celebrate? Venture Capital. 2019;21(1):65-74. DOI: 10.1080 /13691066.2018.1559010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwienbacher A. Equity crowdfunding: Anything to celebrate? Venture Capital. 2019;21(1):65-74. DOI: 10.1080 /13691066.2018.1559010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">North D.C.Institutions and economic growth: An historical introduction. World Development. 1989;17(9):1319- 1332. DOI: 10.1016/0305-750X(89)90075-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">North D.C.Institutions and economic growth: An historical introduction. World Development. 1989;17(9):1319- 1332. DOI: 10.1016/0305-750X(89)90075-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofstede G., Hofstede G.J., Minkov M. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGrawHill; 2010. 576 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofstede G., Hofstede G.J., Minkov M. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGrawHill; 2010. 576 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofstede G. Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications; 1984. 327 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofstede G. Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications; 1984. 327 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minkov M., Hofstede G. Hofstede’s fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology. 2012;43(1):3-14. DOI: 10.1177/0022022110388567</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minkov M., Hofstede G. Hofstede’s fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology. 2012;43(1):3-14. DOI: 10.1177/0022022110388567</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Латова Н.В. Культурная специфика россиян (этнометрический анализ на основе концепции Г.Хофстеда). Вестник Института социологии. 2016;(4):155-179. DOI: 10.19181/vis.2016.19.4.433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latova N.V. Russians’ cultural specificity (an ethnometrical analysis based on Geert Hofstede’s concept). Vestnik Instituta Sotsiologii = Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. 2016;(4):155-179. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.19181/ vis.2016.19.4.433</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Robinson J.A. Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. New York, NY: Crown Currency; 2013. 579 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Robinson J.A. Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. New York, NY: Crown Currency; 2013. 579 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J.A.Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth. In: Aghion Ph., Durlauf S.N., eds. Handbook of economic growth. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 2005;1:385-472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J.A.Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth. In: Aghion Ph., Durlauf S.N., eds. Handbook of economic growth. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 2005;1:385-472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mollick E., Robb A. Democratizing innovation and capital access: The role of crowdfunding. California Management Review. 2016;58(2):72-87. DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2016.58.2.72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mollick E., Robb A. Democratizing innovation and capital access: The role of crowdfunding. California Management Review. 2016;58(2):72-87. DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2016.58.2.72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березинец И.В., Волков Д.Л., Ерисов А.Ю., Ильина Ю.Б., Царьков И.Н. Краудфандинг как инструмент инвестиционных возможностей и демократизации финансирования малого и среднего бизнеса. М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики; 2025. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezinets I., Volkov D., Erisov A., Ilina Y., Tsarkov I. Crowdfunding as an instrument of investment opportunities and democratization of small and medium entreprises financing. Мoscow: HSE Publ.; 2025. 112 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arpaci I., Aslan O., Kevser M. Evaluating short-and long-term investment strategies: Development and validation of the investment strategies scale (ISS). Financial Innovation. 2024;10(1):63. DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00573-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arpaci I., Aslan O., Kevser M. Evaluating short-and long-term investment strategies: Development and validation of the investment strategies scale (ISS). Financial Innovation. 2024;10(1):63. DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00573-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Mooij M.K. Consumer behavior and culture: Consequences for global marketing and advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2004. 345 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Mooij M.K. Consumer behavior and culture: Consequences for global marketing and advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2004. 345 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh T., Kwon K., Sung H.Motivations and intentions for equity and reward-based crowdfunding in professional sports. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2023;13(4);417-430. DOI: 10.1108/SBM-06-2022-0048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh T., Kwon K., Sung H.Motivations and intentions for equity and reward-based crowdfunding in professional sports. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2023;13(4);417-430. DOI: 10.1108/SBM-06-2022-0048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huynh E., Ugander J. Drivers of the crowd: Identifying the key motivators to perform equity-based crowdfunding investment. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics; 2015. 105 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huynh E., Ugander J. Drivers of the crowd: Identifying the key motivators to perform equity-based crowdfunding investment. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics; 2015. 105 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hervé F., Manthé E., SannajustA., SchwienbacherA.Determinants of individual investment decisions in investment‐ based crowdfunding. Journal of Business Finance &amp; Accounting. 2019;46(5-6):762-783. DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12372</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hervé F., Manthé E., SannajustA., SchwienbacherA.Determinants of individual investment decisions in investment‐ based crowdfunding. Journal of Business Finance &amp; Accounting. 2019;46(5-6):762-783. DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12372</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prim A.L., Filho L.S., Zamur G.A.C., Di Serio L.C. The relationship between national culture dimensions and degree of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2017;21(1):1730001. DOI: 10.1142/S136391961730001X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prim A.L., Filho L.S., Zamur G.A.C., Di Serio L.C. The relationship between national culture dimensions and degree of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2017;21(1):1730001. DOI: 10.1142/S136391961730001X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan R., Cox P. Country culture and national innovation. Archives of Business Research. 2017;5(2):85-101. DOI: 10.14738/abr.52.2768</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan R., Cox P. Country culture and national innovation. Archives of Business Research. 2017;5(2):85-101. DOI: 10.14738/abr.52.2768</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murswieck R., Drăgan M., Maftei M., Ivana D., FortmüllerA. A study on the relationship between cultural dimensions and innovation performance in the European Union countries. Applied Economics. 2020;52(22):2377-2391. DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2019.1690628</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murswieck R., Drăgan M., Maftei M., Ivana D., FortmüllerA. A study on the relationship between cultural dimensions and innovation performance in the European Union countries. Applied Economics. 2020;52(22):2377-2391. DOI:  10.1080/00036846.2019.1690628</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tehseen S., Deng P., Wu B., Gao Y. Culture values and entrepreneurial innovativeness: A comparative study of Malaysian ethnic entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management. 2023;61(6):2622-2655. DOI: 10.1080/00 472778.2021.1934848</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tehseen S., Deng P., Wu B., Gao Y. Culture values and entrepreneurial innovativeness: A comparative study of Malaysian ethnic entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management. 2023;61(6):2622-2655. DOI: 10.1080/00 472778.2021.1934848</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng F., Zhao C., Yasmin F., Sokolova M. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and proactive behavior as the antecedents of entrepreneurial innovativeness. Acta Psychologica. 2025;256:104948. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104948</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng F., Zhao C., Yasmin F., Sokolova M. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and proactive behavior as the antecedents of entrepreneurial innovativeness. Acta Psychologica. 2025;256:104948. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104948</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">North D.C.Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990. 159 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">North D.C.Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990. 159 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щетинина E.A.Акционерный краудфандинг как альтернативная модель финансирования бизнеса на раннем этапе развития и стартапов. Экономический вектор. 2016;(1):22-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schetinina E.A. Equity crowdfunding as an alternative financing model for early stage businesses and startups. International approaches. Ekonomicheskii vektor = Economic Vector. 2016;(1):22-27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.А. Краудфандинг: актуальные вопросы регулирования. Деньги и кредит. 2017;(1):65-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov V.A. Crowdfunding: Regulatory issues. Den;gi i kredit = Russian Journal of Money and Finance. 2017;(1):65-73. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akerlof G.A. The market for “lemons”: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1970;84(3):488-500. DOI: 10.2307/1879431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akerlof G.A. The market for “lemons”: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1970;84(3):488-500. DOI: 10.2307/1879431</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березинец И.В., Ильина Ю.Б., Бобров К.А., Копцев В.С.Альтернативные инвестиции: мотивы и риски инвестирования на краудфандинговых платформах. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Менеджмент. 2023;22(3):313-336. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezinets I., Ilina Yu., Bobrov K., Koptsev V. Alternative investments: Motives and risks for investors on crowdfunding platforms. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Menedzhment = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management Series. 2023;22(3):313-336. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cumming D.J., Vanacker T., Zahra S.A. Equity crowdfunding and governance: Toward an integrative approach. Academy of Management Perspectives. 2021;35(1):69-95. DOI: 10.5465/amp.2017.0208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cumming D.J., Vanacker T., Zahra S.A. Equity crowdfunding and governance: Toward an integrative approach. Academy of Management Perspectives. 2021;35(1):69-95. DOI: 10.5465/amp.2017.0208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березинец И.В., Ильина Ю.Б., Кляровская Н.А.Акционерный краудфандинг: детерминанты успеха компании при размещении на краудфандинговой платформе. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского Университета. Менеджмент. 2021;20(2):131-164. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu08.2021.201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezinets I.V., Ilyina Yu.B., Klyarovskaya N.A. Equity crowdfunding: determinants of company’s success on a crowdfunding platform. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Menedzhment = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management Series. 2021;20(2):131-164. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu08.2021.201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macneil I.R. The many futures of contracts. Southern California Law Review. 1973;(47):691. URL: https://alliancecontractingelectroniclawjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/MacNeil-I.-1973-1974-%E2%80%98The-ManyFutures-of-Contracts%E2%80%99.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macneil I.R. The many futures of contracts. Southern California Law Review. 1973;(47):691. URL: https://allianceco ntractingelectroniclawjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/MacNeil-I.-1973-1974-%E2%80%98The-ManyFutures-of-Contracts%E2%80%99.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coakley J., Cumming D., Lazos A., Vismara S. Lead investor nominee in equity crowdfunding. British Journal of Management. 2025;36(4):1524-1538. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coakley J., Cumming D., Lazos A., Vismara S. Lead investor nominee in equity crowdfunding. British Journal of Management. 2025;36(4):1524-1538. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walthoff-Borm X., Vanacker T., CollewaertV. Equity crowdfunding, shareholder structures, and firm performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review. 2018;26(5):314-330. DOI: 10.1111/corg.12259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walthoff-Borm X., Vanacker T., CollewaertV. Equity crowdfunding, shareholder structures, and firm performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review. 2018;26(5):314-330. DOI: 10.1111/corg.12259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butticè V., Di Pietro F., Tenca F.Is equity crowdfunding always good? Deal structure and the attraction of venture capital investors. Journal of Corporate Finance. 2020;65:101773. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101773</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butticè V., Di Pietro F., Tenca F.Is equity crowdfunding always good? Deal structure and the attraction of venture capital investors. Journal of Corporate Finance. 2020;65:101773. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101773</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hornuf L., Schilling T., Schwienbacher A.Are equity crowdfunding investors active investors? CESifo Working Papers. 2019;(7884). URL: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp7884_0.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hornuf L., Schilling T., Schwienbacher A.Are equity crowdfunding investors active investors? CESifo Working Papers. 2019;(7884). URL: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp7884_0.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
