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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">worldneweconomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир новой экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The world of new economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-6469</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2220-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2220-6469-2025-19-4-6-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">worldneweconomy-582</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА XXI ВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMY OF THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инкапсуляция знания на фирме плюс искусственный интеллект: ресурс эффективности или взрывоопасная смесь?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Encapsulation of Knowledge within a Company, Plus Artificial Intelligence: an Efficient Resource or an Explosive Mixture?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-6693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Мальцев — кандидат экономических наук, лектор Бизнесшколы Адама Смита </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Maltsev — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Adam Smith Business School </p><p> Glasgow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmaltsev92@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-9830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юданов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Юрьевич Юданов — доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры экономической теории факультета международных экономических отношений, ординарный профессор </p><p>Мосва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei Yu. Yudanov — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Economic Theory of the Faculty of International Economic Relations, Full-time Professor</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Глазго</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Glasgow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мальцев В.В., Юданов А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мальцев В.В., Юданов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maltsev V.V., Yudanov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/582">https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/582</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет. В статье рассматривается новое направление теории фирмы — знаниевый подход. Авторами продолжен анализ противоречивого феномена «инкапсуляции знания». Методы. Проанализированы основные формы инкапсуляции знания на фирме (инструкция, распоряжение, бизнес-рутина, «защита от дурака», модулярная архитектура продукта, аутсорсинг). Так, «защита от дурака» впервые рассмотрена с экономической (не технической) точки зрения как инструмент, позволяющий использовать в производственном процессе предельно низкоквалифицированных агентов и таким путем сокращать издержки. Цель. Обосновать причины высокой эффективности использования инкапсулированного знания на фирме при одновременном учете связанных с этим рисков, особенно больших в случае использования искусственного интеллекта. Научная значимость. Проведена сравнительная классификация издержек на формирование основных элементов полного и инкапсулированного знания. Показано, что в инкапсулированной форме большинство затратоемких компонентов знания (в том числе полноценное обучение, издержки на НИОКР и др.) либо отпадают, либо обходятся дешевле при одинаковом результате, а главным риском являются последствия сращивания ИИ с инкапсулированным знанием. Делая выводы, авторы отмечают, что слабым звеном в цепи «ИИ — человек» оказывается последний. Действуя без понимания смысла (результат инкапсуляции), только по подсказкам ИИ, он деградирует как профессионал, причем этот процесс: а) выгоден фирме; б) не обсуждается экономистами, хотя эмпирически выявлен биологами (обратный эффект Флинна). Выход авторы видят не в отказе от использования искусственного интеллекта, а в его дополнении мерами противодействия оглуплению человека. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Subject. The given article examines a new direction in the theory of the firm: the knowledge-based approach. The authors proceed with their analysis of the controversial phenomenon of ‘knowledge encapsulation’. Methods. The research analyses the basic forms of knowledge encapsulation within the firm (including instructions, directives, business routines, ‘fool-proofing’ methods, modular product architecture, and outsourcing). In particular, for the first time ‘fool-proofing’ is regarded from an economic (rather than technical) viewpoint, as a tool, which enables employment of extremely lowskilled agents in the production process, thus reducing expenses. Objective. To justify the reasons for the high efficiency of using encapsulated knowledge within the firm, and simultaneously consider the interconnected risks, which are of particular significance in the case of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Scientific implication. A comparative classification  of the costs is conducted to investigate the creation of the main elements of complete vs. encapsulated knowledge. The article has revealed, the most costly components of knowledge in its encapsulated form (incl. comprehensive training, R&amp;D costs, etc.) are either skipped or become cheaper for a similar outcome, however, the primary risk leads to the fusion of AI with encapsulated knowledge. As a conclusion, the weak link in the ‘AI — human’ chain is the human being. If the latter operates without understanding the underlying meaning (a result of encapsulation), using only the AI prompts, the human professional deskills. Incidentally, this process is: a) profitable for the firm; b) not discussed by economists, despite having been empirically identified by biologists (the reverse Flynn effect). The authors suggest, that the solution is not to refuse using AI, but to supplement it with measures to counteract such ‘deskilling’ or ‘dumbing down’ of homo sapiens. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>знание</kwd><kwd>знаниевый подход к теории фирмы</kwd><kwd>KBV</kwd><kwd>интеграция знания</kwd><kwd>инкапсуляция знания</kwd><kwd>издержки знания</kwd><kwd>бирюзовая фирма</kwd><kwd>перламутровая фирма</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>эффект Флинна</kwd><kwd>обратный эффект Флинна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>the knowledge-based approach to the theory of the firm</kwd><kwd>KBV</kwd><kwd>knowledge integration</kwd><kwd>knowledge encapsulation</kwd><kwd>knowledge costs</kwd><kwd>turquoise firm</kwd><kwd>pearl firm</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>Flynn effect</kwd><kwd>reverse Flynn effect</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frisch R. 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