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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">worldneweconomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир новой экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The world of new economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-6469</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2220-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2220-6469-2025-19-3-37-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">worldneweconomy-548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние политики импортозамещения Китая на двустороннюю торговлю с США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of China’s Import Substitution Policy on Bilateral Trade with the United States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-5414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Витальевна Андронова — доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой международных экономических отношений, декан экономического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Andronova — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Department of International Economic Relations, Dean of the Faculty of Economics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Andronova-iv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9296-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тун</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tong</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Л. Тун — аспирант кафедры международных экономических отношений экономического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>L. Tong — PhD student, Faculty of Economics, Department of International Economic Relations,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lutong5201314@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андронова И.В., Тун Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андронова И.В., Тун Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andronova I.V., Tong L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/548">https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/548</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена возрастающей ролью политики импортозамещения в национальной экономике Китая, которая позволяет ему снижать зависимость от внешних поставок, одновременно стимулируя развитие собственных высокотехнологичных отраслей. Это оказывает существенное воздействие на торговый баланс между двумя крупнейшими мировыми экономиками — КНР и США. Целью данной статьи является анализ влияния подобной политики на двустороннюю торговлю Китая и США, включая оценку ее последствий для экспорта и импорта, а также изменения в торговых стратегиях обеих стран. В работе использовались методы сравнительного и системного анализа для выявления тенденций и факторов, влияющих на торгово-экономические отношения Китая и США. Исследование выполнено на основе актуальных статистических данных, официальных отчетов и научных публикаций. Научная новизна состоит в том, что в статье выделены ключевые направления, где импортозамещение оказывает наиболее значительное воздействие: высокотехнологичные отрасли и сельское хозяйство, и впервые предложен комплексный подход к оценке этого влияния с учетом международных экономических условий и политической напряженности. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что политика импортозамещения, проводимая КНР, является причиной структурных изменений в двусторонней торговле. Выявлено, что данная стратегия стимулирует развитие отечественного производства, снижая объемы импорта из США в ряде отраслей, в то время как собственный экспорт остается более диверсифицированным. При этом Соединенные Штаты в ответ ужесточают меры торгового протекционизма. Практическая значимость состоит в том, что в работе сформированы рекомендации для государственных органов, бизнес-сообщества и исследовательских институтов, заинтересованных в стратегиях сотрудничества и адаптации к новым условиям мировой торговли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance of the research topic is determined by the growing role of import substitution policy in the development of national economy of the People’s Republic of China and its impact on the structure of bilateral economic relations with the United States. Import substitution allows China to reduce dependence on external supplies while stimulating the development of its own high-tech industries, significantly affecting the trade balance between the two largest global economies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of China’s import substitution policy on bilateral trade with the United States, including assessing its consequences for exports and imports, as well as changes in the trade strategies of both countries. Methodology: the study used statistical data, official reports, and scientific publications, as well as comparative and systemic analysis to identify trends and factors which made an impact on trade and economic relations between the People’s Republic of China and the United States. Scientific novelty: the article singles out specific aspects of China’s import substitution policy of the most significant effect in the context of its impact on trade with the United States, such as high-tech industries and agriculture. The article has advanced for the first time a comprehensive approach to evaluate such impact, taking into account international economic conditions and political tensions. Research results prove that import substitution policy of the People’s Republic of China leads to structural changes in bilateral trade. Namely, it was revealed, that the Chinese strategy of import substitution stimulates the development of domestic production, reducing imports from the United States in several sectors of industries, while China’s exports turned out to be more diversified. The analysis also shows that the United States, in turn, increases trade protectionist policies in response to changes in Chinese policy. The practical significance of the research work refers to the recommendations for government agencies, the business community, and research institutions interested in cooperation strategies and adaptation to new circumstances in global trade, as well as for analysts involved in forecasting potential scenarios in the trade conflict between China and the United States.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>импортозамещение</kwd><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>двусторонние экономические отношения</kwd><kwd>торговый баланс</kwd><kwd>протекционизм</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>импорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>import substitution</kwd><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>bilateral economic relations</kwd><kwd>trade balance</kwd><kwd>protectionism</kwd><kwd>export</kwd><kwd>import</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гнидченко А. 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