worldneweconomyМир новой экономикиThe world of new economy2220-64692220-7872Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-58-68worldneweconomy-424Research ArticleЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯECONOMIC THEORYКарьера или семья: трудный выбор женщины (о Нобелевской премии по экономике в 2023 году)Career or Family: A Woman’s Difficult Choice (On the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2023)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-5827ВороновЮ. П.VoronovYu. P.

Юрий Петрович Воронов, кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

Москва

Yuri P. Voronov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), leading researcher 

Moscow

corpus-cons@ngs.ruИнститут экономики и организации промышленного производства Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2024030620241815868Copyright © Воронов Ю.П., 20242024Воронов Ю.П.Voronov Y.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/424

   В данной статье представлены достижения нобелевского лауреата по экономике 2023 г., профессора Гарвардского университета Клаудии Голдин. Рассмотрены препятствия трудоустройству женщин, связанные с тем, что сложившаяся изначально структура рабочих мест была ориентирована на мужской труд. Проанализирована «тихая революция», открытая лауреатом и состоящая в резком увеличении возраста первого замужества и переключении внимания женщин с заработка на карьеру. Отмечены важность гибких условий труда при выборе женщинами места работы и увеличение участия женщин в экономике. Как пример максимального приближения к условиям труда, удобным для женщин, лауреат приводит фармацевтическую сферу. Также в статье затронуты проблемы существования «естественного уровня» участия женщин в экономике. В заключение рассматривается воздействие пандемии 2021–2022 гг. на выбор женщин между карьерой и семьей.

   This article presents the achievements of the 2023 Nobel laureate in economics, Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin. The obstacles to women’s employment related to the fact that the initially established structure of jobs was focused on male labor are considered. The “quiet revolution” discovered by the laureate and consisting of a sharp increase in the age of first marriages and a switch in women’s motivation from earnings to careers is analyzed. The importance of flexible working conditions when women choose a place of work and increasing women’s participation in the economy was highlighted. As an example of maximum effort and approach to working conditions convenient for women, the laureate cites the pharmaceutical sector, both industry and trade. The problems of the existence of a “natural level” of women’s participation in the economy are touched upon. Finally, the impact of the 2021–2022 pandemic on women’s choice between career and family is examined.

женский труднеравноправиекарьерасемьятрудоустройствосемейные обязанностигибкие условия трудаестественный уровеньвремя вступления в бракконтрацептивыабортыпандемияwomen’s work and labourinequalitycareerfamilyemploymentfamily responsibilitiesnatural levelflexible working conditionstime of marriagecontraceptivesabortionpandemicReferencesGoldin C., Glaeser E. L., eds. Corruption and reform: Lessons from America’s economic history. Chicago, IL; London: University of Chicago Press; 2006. 396 р. (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report).Goldin C., Glaeser E. L., eds. Corruption and reform: Lessons from America’s economic history. Chicago, IL; London: University of Chicago Press; 2006. 396 р. (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report).Ленин В. И. Полное собрание сочинений. Т. 42. М.: Политиздат; 1970. 606 с.Lenin V. I. Complete set of works. Vol. 42. Moscow: Politizdat; 1970. 606 p. (In Russ.).Douglas M. Purity and danger: An analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.; 1966. 244 p.Douglas M. Purity and danger: An analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.; 1966. 244 p.Goldin C. A pollution theory of discrimination: Male and female differences in occupations and earnings. NBER Working Paper. 2002;(8985). URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/a_pollution_theory_of_discrimination_male_and_female_occupations_and_earnings.pdfGoldin C. A pollution theory of discrimination: Male and female differences in occupations and earnings. NBER Working Paper. 2002;(8985). URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/a_pollution_theory_of_discrimination_male_and_female_occupations_and_earnings.pdfMilgrom P., Oster S. Job discrimination, market forces and the invisibility hypothesis. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1987;102(3):453–476. DOI: 10.2307/1884213Milgrom P., Oster S. Job discrimination, market forces and the invisibility hypothesis. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1987;102(3):453–476. DOI: 10.2307/1884213Lundberg S. J., Startz R. Private discrimination and social intervention in competitive labor markets. The American Economic Review. 1983;73(3):340–347.Lundberg S. J., Startz R. Private discrimination and social intervention in competitive labor markets. The American Economic Review. 1983;73(3):340–347.Lang K. A language theory of discrimination. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1986;101(2):363–382. DOI: 10.2307/1891120Lang K. A language theory of discrimination. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1986;101(2):363–382. DOI: 10.2307/1891120Breckinridge S. P. Legislative control of women’s work. Journal of Political Economy. 1906;14(2):107–109. DOI: 10.1086/251197Breckinridge S. P. Legislative control of women’s work. Journal of Political Economy. 1906;14(2):107–109. DOI: 10.1086/251197Goldin C. D. The role of World War II in the rise of women’s employment. The American Economic Review. 1991;81(4):741–756.Goldin C. D. The role of World War II in the rise of women’s employment. The American Economic Review. 1991;81(4):741–756.Blau F. D., Winkler A. E. The economics of women, men and work. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017. 560 p.Blau F. D., Winkler A. E. The economics of women, men and work. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017. 560 p.Goldin С. A grand gender convergence: Its last chapter. The American Economic Review. 2014;104(4):1091–1119. DOI: 10.1257/aer.104.4.1091Goldin С. A grand gender convergence: Its last chapter. The American Economic Review. 2014;104(4):1091–1119. DOI: 10.1257/aer.104.4.1091Goldin C., Katz L. F. Career and marriage in the age of the pill. The American Economic Review. 2000;90(2):461–465. DOI: 10.1257/aer.90.2.461Goldin C., Katz L. F. Career and marriage in the age of the pill. The American Economic Review. 2000;90(2):461–465. DOI: 10.1257/aer.90.2.461Akerlof G. A., Yellen J. L., Katz M. L. An analysis of out-of-wedlock childbearing in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1996;111(2):277–317. DOI: 10.2307/2946680Akerlof G. A., Yellen J. L., Katz M. L. An analysis of out-of-wedlock childbearing in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1996;111(2):277–317. DOI: 10.2307/2946680Walker P. J. Time traveler. Finance & Development. 2018;(Dec.):41–43. URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2018/12/profile-of-harvard-economist-claudia-goldinWalker P. J. Time traveler. Finance & Development. 2018;(Dec.):41–43. URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2018/12/profile-of-harvard-economist-claudia-goldinGoldin С. A. Hours flexibility and the gender gap in pay. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress; 2015. 31 p. URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/goldin_equalpay-cap.pdfGoldin С. A. Hours flexibility and the gender gap in pay. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress; 2015. 31 p. URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/goldin_equalpay-cap.pdfLundberg S., Pollak R. A. Bargaining and distribution in marriage. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1996;10(4):139–158. DOI: 10.1257/jep.10.4.139Lundberg S., Pollak R. A. Bargaining and distribution in marriage. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1996;10(4):139–158. DOI: 10.1257/jep.10.4.139McElroy M.B., Horney M. J. Nash-bargained household decisions: Toward a generalization of the theory of demand. International Economic Review. 1981;22(2):333–349. DOI: 10.2307/2526280McElroy M.B., Horney M. J. Nash-bargained household decisions: Toward a generalization of the theory of demand. International Economic Review. 1981;22(2):333–349. DOI: 10.2307/2526280Goldin C., Katz L. F., Kuziemko I. The homecoming of American college women: The reversal of the college gender gap. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2006;20(4):133–156. DOI: 10.1257/jep.20.4.133Goldin C., Katz L. F., Kuziemko I. The homecoming of American college women: The reversal of the college gender gap. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2006;20(4):133–156. DOI: 10.1257/jep.20.4.133Goldin C., Katz L. F. A most egalitarian profession: Pharmacy and the evolution of a family-friendly occupation. Journal of Labor Economics. 2016;34(3):705–746. DOI: 10.1086/685505Goldin C., Katz L. F. A most egalitarian profession: Pharmacy and the evolution of a family-friendly occupation. Journal of Labor Economics. 2016;34(3):705–746. DOI: 10.1086/685505Goldin C., Katz L. F. The cost of workplace flexibility for high-powered professionals. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2011;(638):45–67. DOI: 10.1177/0002716211414398Goldin C., Katz L. F. The cost of workplace flexibility for high-powered professionals. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2011;(638):45–67. DOI: 10.1177/0002716211414398Goldin C. Understanding the economic impact of COVID-19 on women. NBER Working Paper. 2022;(29974). URL: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w29974/w29974.pdfGoldin C. Understanding the economic impact of COVID-19 on women. NBER Working Paper. 2022;(29974). URL: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w29974/w29974.pdfСолодовникова О. Б., Мануильская К. М., Рогозин Д. М. Сексуальное поведение россиян всех возрастов в период пандемии COVID-19. Человек. 2021;32(4):27–52. DOI: 10.31857/S 023620070016684–9Solodovnikova O. B., Manuil’skaya K.M., Rogozin D. M. Sexual behavior of Russians of all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Person. 2021;32(4):27–52. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31857/S023620070016684–9

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.