The article presents a conceptual approach to the formation and development of labour relations in the context of socio-economic systems. The author shows that ecosystems as integrated organizational and economic structures, which developed intra-industry and inter-industry cooperative ties characterize functioning, consisting mainly of intelligent firms. In this regard, ecosystem management should be carried out not by directive methods, as in traditional business structures, but based on participatory governance and self-government principles, which also affects the specifics of human resource management. The author formulated the top-priority management tasks in the field of increasing the intellectual potential of ecosystem workers and methods for increasing the loyalty and involvement of personnel and highlighted the problems of labour relations arising in the conditions of ecosystem employment.