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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">worldneweconomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир новой экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The world of new economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-6469</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2220-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-1-85-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">worldneweconomy-249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВАЯ АНАЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL ANALYTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Посткейнсианский подход к сбалансированности бюджета с учетом финансовых балансов секторов экономики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-Keynesian approach to budget balance with regard to the financial balances of economic sectors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-7816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaev</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алан Канаматович Караев — доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Центра финансовой политики Департамента общественных финансов, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alan K. Karaev — Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, chief researcher, Center for financial policy, Department of Public Finance, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akkaraev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-5011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понкратов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponkratov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Витальевич Понкратов — кандидат экономических наук, директор Центра финансовой политики Департамента общественных финансов, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Ponkratov — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Director of the Center for financial policy, Department of Public Finance, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vponkratov@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Караев А.К., Понкратов В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Караев А.К., Понкратов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karaev A.K., Ponkratov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/249">https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/249</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуются причины ошибочности презумпции того, что «чрезмерный» уровень государственного долга является вредным для роста экономики, и меры политики жесткой экономии должны применяться всякий раз, когда государственный долг слишком велик. Также рассматривается подход сторонников «функционального финансирования» А. Лернера. В основу исследования положена балансовая механика В. Штютцела, на основе которой рассмотрены финансовые балансы отдельных экономических агентов, группы экономических агентов и макроэкономических  секторов экономики. Авторы делают важный вывод, который следует из макроэкономического тождества: динамику  поведения госсектора нельзя рассматривать изолированно от поведения частного и внешнего секторов, так как  изменения финансовых балансов в этих секторах взаимосвязаны и взаимозависимы. Из макроэкономического тождества следует, что некоторые цели политики в одном секторе (например, наличие постоянного профицита государственного сектора) недостижимы или их чрезвычайно трудно достичь (независимо от масштаба используемых  экономических корректировок: девальвации, изменения процентной ставки, совокупного дохода и т. д.), если не учитывать при этом желания других секторов. Крайне разрушительно продолжать политику, направленную на достижение несовместимых желаний, это неминуемо приводит к кризисным состояниям в экономике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, the authors investigate the reasons for the fallacy of the presumption that the ‘excessive’ level of public debt is harmful to economic growth, and that austerity measures should be applied whenever public debt is too large. We also considered the approach of the advocates of “functional finance” proposed by Abba P. Lerner. Our research was based on the Balance Mechanics developed in the middle of the XXth century by the German economist Wolfgang Stützel. On this ground, the authors examined the financial balances of individual economic agents, a group of economic agents, and macroeconomic sectors of the economy. The authors make an important conclusion that follows from the macroeconomic identity: the dynamics of public sector behaviour cannot be considered in isolation from the behaviour of the private and external sectors, as changes in financial balances in these sectors are interrelated and interdependent. It follows from  the macroeconomic identity that some policy objectives in one sector (for example, a constant public sector surplus) are  unattainable or extremely difficult to achieve (regardless of the scale of economic adjustments used: devaluation, changes  in interest rates or total income, etc.), without taking into account the wishes of other sectors. Therefore, it is extremely destructive to continue policies aimed at achieving incompatible desires for it inevitably leads to a crisis in the economy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сбалансированность бюджета</kwd><kwd>финансовые балансы</kwd><kwd>макроэкономические секторы</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическое тождество</kwd><kwd>функциональные финансы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>budget balance</kwd><kwd>financial balances</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic sectors</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic identity</kwd><kwd>functional finance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brayton F., Laubach T., Reifschneider D. The FRB/US Model: A Tool for Macroeconomic Policy Analysis. FEDS Notes; Apr 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brayton F., Laubach T., Reifschneider D. The FRB/US Model: A Tool for Macroeconomic Policy Analysis. 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