worldneweconomyМир новой экономикиThe world of new economy2220-64692220-7872Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federationworldneweconomy-135Research ArticleМИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАWORLD ECONOMYНаучные ориентиры администрации СШАScientific Perspectivesof the US AdministrationМалинецкийГ. Г.MalinetskyG. G.gmalin@keldysh.ruИвановВ. В.IvanovV. V.nauka@presidium.ras.ruИнститут прикладной математики им. М. В. Келдыша РАНРоссияInstitute of Applied Mathematics named after M. V. Keldysh, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation«Наука» РАНРоссияthe Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201702042018033646Copyright © Малинецкий Г.Г., Иванов В.В., 20182018Малинецкий Г.Г., Иванов В.В.Malinetsky G.G., Ivanov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://wne.fa.ru/jour/article/view/135

В работе представлен системный анализ американской науки, ее организации и перспектив развития. Особое внимание уделено вызовам в научно-технической сфере, с которыми столкнулась администрация Дональда Трампа, а также ее первые шаги в этой области. Подробно обсуждается опыт организации науки США, ее роль в проектировании будущего, в экспертизе крупных научно-технических проектов, в решении задач национальной безопасности, который может быть использован в реформировании научно-технической сферы России.

The article presents a systematic analysis of state of arts in the US science, its organization and development prospects. Particular attention is paid to challenges in the scientific and technical sphere, which the Donald Trump administration is faced with, as well as first steps in this area. The experience of the US science organization, its role in future design, in assessment and evaluation of large scientific and technical projects, in decision of national security issues that can be used and adopted in reform of the scientific and technical sphere of Russia is discussed in details.

СШАнаукатехнологический укладвысокие технологиипрогнозthe USA sciencetechnological structurehigh technologiesforecastReferencesToffler Je. War and anti-war: What is war and as to fight against it. How to survive at sunrise the 21st century [Vojna i antivojna: Chto takoe vojna i kak s nej borot'sja. Kak vyzhit' na rassvete XXI veka]. Moscow, AST: Tranzitkniga, 2005, рр. 51-52 (in Russian).Toffler Je. War and anti-war: What is war and as to fight against it. How to survive at sunrise the 21st century [Vojna i antivojna: Chto takoe vojna i kak s nej borot'sja. Kak vyzhit' na rassvete XXI veka]. Moscow, AST: Tranzitkniga, 2005, рр. 51-52 (in Russian).Shadieva D. Analysis of world tendencies of financing of innovative activity [Analiz mirovyh tendencij finansirovanija innovacionnoj dejatel'nosti]. Available at: http://mirec.ru/2016-02/analiz-mirovykh-tendentsiyfinansirovaniya- innovatsionnoy-deyatelnosti (in Russian).Shadieva D. Analysis of world tendencies of financing of innovative activity [Analiz mirovyh tendencij finansirovanija innovacionnoj dejatel'nosti]. Available at: http://mirec.ru/2016-02/analiz-mirovykh-tendentsiyfinansirovaniya- innovatsionnoy-deyatelnosti (in Russian).Mindeli L. Je., Chernyh S. I. Financing of basic researches in Russia [Finansirovanie fundamental'nyh issledovanij v Rossii]. Moscow, IPRAN RAN, 2017 (in Russian).Mindeli L. Je., Chernyh S. I. Financing of basic researches in Russia [Finansirovanie fundamental'nyh issledovanij v Rossii]. Moscow, IPRAN RAN, 2017 (in Russian).The report "About a condition of fundamental sciences in the Russian Federation and the most important scientific achievements of the Russian scientists in 2016" [Doklad «O sostojanii fundamental'nyh nauk v Rossijskoj Federacii i vazhnejshih nauchnyh dostizhenijah rossijskih uchenyh v 2016 g.»]. Available at: http://www.ras.ru/FStorage/Download.aspx?id=6beda204-5057-4ca1-b959-cc85aae41566 (in Russian).The report "About a condition of fundamental sciences in the Russian Federation and the most important scientific achievements of the Russian scientists in 2016" [Doklad «O sostojanii fundamental'nyh nauk v Rossijskoj Federacii i vazhnejshih nauchnyh dostizhenijah rossijskih uchenyh v 2016 g.»]. Available at: http://www.ras.ru/FStorage/Download.aspx?id=6beda204-5057-4ca1-b959-cc85aae41566 (in Russian).UNESCO. Science Report: forwards 2030. Available at: http://en.unesco.org/USR-contents.UNESCO. Science Report: forwards 2030. Available at: http://en.unesco.org/USR-contents.The report "About a condition of fundamental sciences in the Russian Federation and about the major scientific achievements received by the Russian scientists in 2014" [Doklad «O sostojanii fundamental'nyh nauk v Rossijskoj Federacii i o vazhnejshih nauchnyh dostizhenijah, poluchennyh rossijskimi uchenymi v 2014 godu»]. Moscow, RAN, 2015 (in Russian).The report "About a condition of fundamental sciences in the Russian Federation and about the major scientific achievements received by the Russian scientists in 2014" [Doklad «O sostojanii fundamental'nyh nauk v Rossijskoj Federacii i o vazhnejshih nauchnyh dostizhenijah, poluchennyh rossijskimi uchenymi v 2014 godu»]. Moscow, RAN, 2015 (in Russian).Science in American. History sketches [Nauka po-amerikanski. Ocherki istorii]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2014 (in Russian).Science in American. History sketches [Nauka po-amerikanski. Ocherki istorii]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2014 (in Russian).Fejnman R. Whether everything is equal that others think? [Ne vse li ravno, chto dumajut drugie?] Moscow, AST, 2014 (in Russian).Fejnman R. Whether everything is equal that others think? [Ne vse li ravno, chto dumajut drugie?] Moscow, AST, 2014 (in Russian).Obama B. The science is necessary more than ever earlier [Nauka nuzhna kak nikogda ran'she]. Available at: http://trv-science.ru/2009/05/26/obama-nauka-nuzhna-kak-nikogda-ranshe/ (in Russian).Obama B. The science is necessary more than ever earlier [Nauka nuzhna kak nikogda ran'she]. Available at: http://trv-science.ru/2009/05/26/obama-nauka-nuzhna-kak-nikogda-ranshe/ (in Russian).Dynkin A. A., Ivanova N. I. Innovative economy [Innovacionnaja jekonomika]. Moscow, Nauka, 2003 (in Russian).Dynkin A. A., Ivanova N. I. Innovative economy [Innovacionnaja jekonomika]. Moscow, Nauka, 2003 (in Russian).Ivanova N. I. National innovative systems [Nacional'nye innovacionnye sistemy]. Moscow, Nauka, 2002 (in Russian).Ivanova N. I. National innovative systems [Nacional'nye innovacionnye sistemy]. Moscow, Nauka, 2002 (in Russian).Golichenko O. G. National innovative system of Russia: state and ways of development [Nacional'naja innovacionnaja sistema Rossii: sostojanie i puti razvitija]. Moscow, Nauka, 2006 (in Russian).Golichenko O. G. National innovative system of Russia: state and ways of development [Nacional'naja innovacionnaja sistema Rossii: sostojanie i puti razvitija]. Moscow, Nauka, 2006 (in Russian).Ivanov V. V. Innovative paradigm of XXI (2nd prod.) [Innovacionnaja paradigma XXI (2-e izd.)]. Moscow, Nauka, 2015 (in Russian).Ivanov V. V. Innovative paradigm of XXI (2nd prod.) [Innovacionnaja paradigma XXI (2-e izd.)]. Moscow, Nauka, 2015 (in Russian).Makarov V. L. Economy of knowledge: lessons for Russia [Jekonomika znanij: uroki dlja Rossii]. Vestnik RAN — the Bulletin of RAS, 2003, no. 5 (in Russian).Makarov V. L. Economy of knowledge: lessons for Russia [Jekonomika znanij: uroki dlja Rossii]. Vestnik RAN — the Bulletin of RAS, 2003, no. 5 (in Russian).Ivanov V. V., Malineckij G. G. Russia: 21st century. Strategy of break. Technologies. Education. Science [Rossija: XXI vek. Strategija proryva. Tehnologii. Obrazovanie]. Nauka. Izd. 2-e. Moscow, LENAND, 2017 (in Russian).Ivanov V. V., Malineckij G. G. Russia: 21st century. Strategy of break. Technologies. Education. Science [Rossija: XXI vek. Strategija proryva. Tehnologii. Obrazovanie]. Nauka. Izd. 2-e. Moscow, LENAND, 2017 (in Russian).Dikson P. Factories of a thought [Fabriki mysli]. Moscow, OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2004 (in Russian).Dikson P. Factories of a thought [Fabriki mysli]. Moscow, OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2004 (in Russian).Hantington S. Collision of civilizations [Stolknovenie civilizacij]. Moscow, AST, 2014 (in Russian).Hantington S. Collision of civilizations [Stolknovenie civilizacij]. Moscow, AST, 2014 (in Russian).Fridman D. Next 100 years: forecast of events of the 21st century [Sledujushhie 100 let: prognoz sobytij XXI veka]. Moscow, Jeksmo, 2010, рр. 44-46 (in Russian).Fridman D. Next 100 years: forecast of events of the 21st century [Sledujushhie 100 let: prognoz sobytij XXI veka]. Moscow, Jeksmo, 2010, рр. 44-46 (in Russian).Kondrat'ev N. D. Big cycles of an environment and theory of anticipation [Bol'shie cikly kon#junktury i teorija predvidenija]. Moscow, Jekonomika, 2002 (in Russian).Kondrat'ev N. D. Big cycles of an environment and theory of anticipation [Bol'shie cikly kon#junktury i teorija predvidenija]. Moscow, Jekonomika, 2002 (in Russian).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.